Learning

Tips for Learning C++ at University

Learning C++ programming from scratch is not easy, and we decided to present some tips that can help you structure the learning process at university.

Start with a syntax

Let’s start with the fact that the C++ language is compiled; that is, the translation of code from a high-level language to machine code instructions occurs not at the time of execution but during the creation of an executable file. Variable declaration in C++ is standard, namely:

/*data type*/ /*identifier*/;

The data type can be anything, be it int, bool, or char, and variables must follow the C/C++ variable naming conventions. The variable name must not:

start with a number
include characters such as /, :, *, ?, “, <, >, |.

Anything that starts with a # character is called a preprocessor directive in C++. Each such directive is written on a separate line. Let’s say #include <iostream> includes the ability to work with keyboard input and screen output. #include in C++ is the same as an import in Java or Python.

At the same time, in C++, unlike many other programming languages, little is available by default. With the exception of a very basic set, almost everything requires #include. using namespace std includes the std namespace.

Without this line, many standard functions, types, variables, and more would have to be written with the std:: prefix.

In C++, however, a reference is a variable type that acts as an alias for another object or value. In total, the language supports three types of links:

References to non-constant values.
References to constant values.
rvalue references.

If you start learning syntax and face some problems while doing C++ assignments, it is better to get help. A programming expert knows everything about syntax and other topics related to C++.

Study Object Oriented Programming from scratch

C++ programming is subject to the principles of OOP, and if you don’t know about them, we recommend that you study the topic from scratch. Everything is the same as in other OOP languages. But what else is important to know?

A constructor is a special class method for initializing class members with some initial values.
A destructor is a special class method for destroying class members. Most often, they are used when creating an object of a class, a piece of memory was dynamically allocated in the constructor, and this memory needs to be cleared.

Before continuing your deep dive into C++ development from scratch, learn about operator overloading and function overloading.

Learn operating systems

Binary units in C++ include:

An executable file containing a program that can be executed by a computer.
A static library that consists of subroutines that are compiled and linked with the program.
A dynamic library that consists of subroutines that are loaded into the program during its execution.

The pluses include static, automatic, and dynamic memory allocation. Let’s dwell on the latter in a little more detail.

When you dynamically allocate memory, you are asking the OS to reserve some of that memory for your program to use.

If the operating system can fulfill this request, then the address of that memory is returned back to your program.

From now on, your program will be able to use this memory. When the memory is no longer needed, return it back to the OS for distribution, among other requests.

Unlike static or automatic memory allocation, the program itself is responsible for requesting and returning dynamically allocated memory. We advise you to learn the principles of working with the stack and heap.

Study exceptions and multithreading

In C++, the throw statement signals an exception or error. To use this operator, the throw keyword and the value of any data type that you want to use are written. Typically, this value is an error code, a description of the problem, or a custom exception class.

The search for exceptions is implemented through the try/catch construct, which is standard for most programming languages.

The try block acts as an observer looking for exceptions that were thrown by any of the statements in the same block. catch, in turn, is used to define a block of code that handles exceptions of a particular data type.

Learn frameworks and libraries

This is a much more specific topic. Let’s touch on the most interesting aspects of it.

Boost

It is a set of libraries that extend the functionality of C++. It provides a convenient cross-platform interface.

Boost is still very popular, although much has been integrated into the new C++ standards. Thus, in C++ 20, there are even time zones for which Boost was previously actively used.

OpenCV, ITK, VTK

This is the classic solution for the implementation of computer vision. Even with the use of neural networks, a lot of pre- and post-processing is required. OpenCV, ITK and VTK are the most convenient libraries for these tasks.

Tensorflow and PyTorch

Both tools are frameworks for evaluating neural networks. They can also be used to train neural networks, but this is rare in C++.

It is much easier to train a neural network in a higher-level language (almost Python).

But when you already have a trained neural network, you can write an assessment of the quality of training of the model in C++.

Tensorflow and PyTorch are powerful tools with their own advantages and disadvantages.

PyTorch is becoming popular in R&D fields, while Tensorflow is the only choice for working with many TPUs (Tensor Processing Units such as Google Coral and Jetson Nano).

pybind or pybind11

If you need to bind C++ objects to Python, this is the most popular and easiest way.

Protobuf

It gains popularity. Protobuf is a binary-based serialization engine, so it’s fast and compact. It was proposed by Google as an efficient binary alternative to the XML text format.

MKL and OpenBLAS

When it comes to implementing computationally intensive math algorithms that need to work with a large amount of data, one of these libraries is a must. MKL is the standard for the Windows environment, while OpenBLAS is more popular when an open-source license is required.

Conclusions

This material does not carry a significant educational load but only demonstrates the development path of a C++ developer while simultaneously explaining some of the basics.

Use this roadmap to learn C++ programming from scratch quickly and successfully move to the practical application of the knowledge gained.

Related CTN News:

8 Qualities of a Good Car Garage: What You Must Seek in a Reliable Mechanic?

Top Tips for First-Time Apartment Renters: The Ultimate Guide

What is Zero-knowledge Proof?

Learning

First-Time Buyer’s Guide to the UK Property Market

Entering the UK property market as a first-time buyer can feel both exciting and daunting. The process is filled with potential pitfalls and complex decisions, but with the right guidance, it can be navigated smoothly. The estate agents in Yorkshire demystify the journey from the initial decision to buy a home to the moment you step over the threshold of your new property.

Understanding Your Financial Position

The first and perhaps most crucial step in the home-buying process is understanding your financial situation. This includes assessing your savings, income, and current debts. Here’s how you can prepare:

1. Deposit: Generally, you’ll need at least 5% of the property price as a deposit, though aiming for 10% or more can provide better mortgage rates.

2. Income and Expenses: Use a budget planner to assess your monthly income against your expenses. This will help you understand how much you can afford in monthly mortgage repayments.

3. Credit Score: Lenders will evaluate your credit score to determine your mortgage eligibility. So it’s important to have a good credit score, and you should work on it if required.

4. Mortgage Options: Speak to a mortgage advisor to understand different types of mortgages, such as fixed-rate, variable-rate, and help-to-buy schemes.

Getting a Mortgage Agreement in Principle

A Mortgage Agreement in Principle (AIP) is a statement from a lender indicating how much they’ll likely lend you. You will be a more attractive buyer with an AIP as it shows sellers you’re serious and financially prepared.

Deciding What You Want

Before you start viewing properties, it’s essential to know what you’re looking for. Consider the following factors:

1. Location: Proximity to work, schools, public transport, and amenities are key. Research neighbourhoods to find the best fit for your lifestyle.

2. Property Type: Decide whether you want a flat, terraced house, semi-detached, or detached property. Each has its pros and cons.

3. Must-Haves: Make a list of non-negotiables, such as the number of bedrooms, garden size, and parking facilities.

4. Future Proofing: Consider your future needs. Are you planning to start a family? Do you need space for a home office?

Starting the Property Search

With a clear idea of what you’re looking for, you can begin your property search. Here are some tips:

1. Use Online Portals: Websites like Rightmove, Zoopla, and OnTheMarket are excellent starting points. Set up alerts to get notified of new listings that meet your criteria.

2. Visit Estate Agents: Register with local estate agents who can provide insights into the market and inform you of new properties before they’re listed online.

3. Attend Viewings: Don’t rush this part. Visit several properties to get a feel for what’s available in your price range.

Making an Offer

Once you find a property you love, it’s time to make an offer. Here’s how to approach it:

1. Research: Check the selling prices of similar properties in the area to gauge a fair offer.

2. Negotiate: Don’t be afraid to negotiate. The starting point is most usually the asking price.

3. Conditions: You might include conditions in your offer, such as the inclusion of certain fixtures or a specific moving date.

The Legal Process

If your offer is accepted, the legal process begins. You’ll need a solicitor or licensed conveyancer to handle the legalities. Here’s what to expect:

1. Conveyancing: This is the legal transfer of property ownership. Your solicitor will handle this, including conducting searches, dealing with the Land Registry, and transferring the funds.

2. Surveys and Inspections: Arrange for a property survey to check for structural issues. There are different types of surveys, from basic condition reports to full structural surveys.

3. Mortgage Finalisation: Once the survey is complete and satisfactory, your mortgage can be finalised.

4. Exchange of Contracts: This is when the sale becomes legally binding. You’ll pay your deposit at this stage.

5. Completion: On the agreed completion date, the remaining money is transferred, and you receive the keys to your new home.

Moving In

Moving day can be hectic, but planning can ease the stress:

1. Hire a Removal Company: Book a reliable removal company well in advance. Discover the best deals by getting quotes from multiple companies.

2. Pack Strategically: Label your boxes by room and keep essential items accessible.

3. Notify Utilities and Change Address: Inform your utility providers of your move date and update your address with banks, the DVLA, and other important institutions.

Settling In

Get settled. Introduce yourself to the neighbours, familiarise yourself with the local area, and really start to make the place your own.

Here are a few final tips:

1. Safety Checks: Make sure that your smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors are working, and make sure that you know where the gas and electricity meters are located.

2. Maintenance Plan: Keep a record of the smooth functioning of your new home with a maintenance schedule, complete with regular checks and seasonal tasks.

3. Personal Touches: Add personal touches to make the space feel like home. This can be from putting up family photos or redoing the decoration in your rooms.

Conclusion

Buying your very first home in the UK is most definitely a milestone, difficult and full of challenges but rewarding in the end. Such a philosophy guides you in understanding finances and knowing what you want to achieve from detailed research, and seeking professional advice that confidently helps you navigate the property market. Yes, the journey may have its hurdles, but in the end—owning your own home—the reward will be worth the effort. Welcome to your new chapter!

Learning

5 Health Benefits of Regular Pedicures

There’s nothing quite like a pedicure to keep your feet looking and feeling their best, but did you know that pedicures do more than simply enhance the appearance of your feet? Many people don’t realize that regular pedicures can come with a wide range of health benefits that can promote the well-being of your feet, so here are some ways that your routine pedicure keeps both your toenails and feet in the best condition possible!

Smoother Skin

One of the biggest misconceptions about pedicures is that they only cater to and look after your toenails. While you’ll definitely be leaving each session with a fresh coat of nail polish, your pedicure can also do wonders for the health of your skin. Aside from trimming and shaping your nails and cuticles, you’ll notice that your nail technician also dedicates a few steps to the skin of your feet.

After inspecting your feet and looking for any issues or imperfections that may need to be addressed, your technician will work on an exfoliating scrub to remove any dead skin cells. This step may also be aided by a foot file, which can be used to buff away any calluses and other problem areas manually.

Softer Skin

After your nail technician addresses all the problem areas of your feet and removes any unwanted dead skin cells, he or she will often massage in a moisturizing product, such as lotion, cream, or butter, to ensure that your skin is properly moisturized. These products contain skin-loving ingredients that will ensure that your feet have everything they need to look and feel their best so that you can walk out of your pedicure with a renewed sense of confidence.

Healthier Nails

After your pedicure session, your nails will not only look better due to the fresh coat of nail polish, but they’ll also be healthier and stronger. This is because your nail technician takes their time to ensure that your nails are properly looked after through steps that include deep cleaning, nail trimming, nail filing, and cuticle care. All of these things work together to prevent issues like ingrown nails from occurring, all the while improving the appearance of your nails.

Increased Blood Circulation

While the specific steps included in your pedicure will depend on the beauty salon, most pedicures will have a massage step somewhere in the mix. One of the often overlooked benefits of these massages is the increased blood circulation, which can deliver more nutrients and oxygen to your feet and nails, promoting their health and appearance. Aside from that, better blood flow means reduced tension and soreness, as well as better distributed heat throughout your body.

Reduced Infections

A significant amount of dirt and bacteria can build up on your feet without you even realizing it, but pedicures can be a great way to prevent these from happening in the first place. The exfoliation step of a pedicure removes dead skin cells as well as all the debris that may have accumulated underneath, and the deep cleaning of your toenails and cuticles also gets rid of any impurities that may have slipped beneath them, which can stop infections from happening.

These are some of the many health benefits that you can look forward to at your next pedicure appointment. However, it’s worth noting that you need to book regular sessions to truly reap all the rewards. This can be difficult, especially when you don’t feel like driving to your nearest nail salon after a long day, but the good news is that you can enjoy the salon experience in the comfort of your own home with a home pedicure service.

Learning

Commercial Boiler Installation Services London

For businesses in the bustling city of London, having a reliable heating system is crucial. Whether you’re opening a new office, expanding your current premises, or simply upgrading an outdated system, commercial boiler installation services for businesses in London are essential to ensure your operations run smoothly and efficiently. Proper installation and maintenance of commercial boilers can make a significant difference in energy efficiency, cost savings, and the overall comfort of your workspace.

The Importance of Professional Installation

When it comes to installing a commercial boiler, professional expertise is paramount. Here’s why:

Efficiency and Performance: Professional installation ensures that your boiler operates at peak efficiency, reducing energy consumption and lowering utility bills. A well-installed boiler can effectively meet the heating demands of your business without unnecessary energy waste.
Safety: Commercial boilers are complex systems that require precise installation to operate safely. Professional installers adhere to stringent safety standards and regulations, minimizing the risk of accidents and ensuring the safety of your employees and premises.
Compliance with Regulations: Commercial properties are subject to various building codes and regulations. Professional installers are well-versed in these requirements and ensure that your boiler system complies with all local laws and standards.
Longevity and Reliability: Proper installation is critical to the longevity and reliability of your boiler. A professional installation can prevent common issues such as leaks, pressure problems, and system failures, ensuring that your boiler runs smoothly for years to come.

Key Considerations for Commercial Boiler Installation

When planning for a commercial boiler installation, several factors need to be considered:

Type of Boiler: The type of boiler you choose will depend on your business’s specific needs. Options include gas boilers, oil boilers, and electric boilers, each with its own set of advantages. Consulting with a professional can help you determine the best choice for your business.
Sizing and Capacity: The boiler’s size and capacity must match the heating demands of your commercial space. An undersized boiler will struggle to meet your needs, while an oversized one will lead to inefficiencies and higher costs.
Location: The placement of your boiler affects its efficiency and accessibility for maintenance. Professional installers can help you choose the optimal location for your boiler.
Integration with Existing Systems: If you’re upgrading or replacing an existing boiler, it’s essential to ensure compatibility with your current heating system. Professional installers can seamlessly integrate the new boiler with your existing setup.

Choosing the Right Installation Service

Selecting the right installation service provider is crucial to the success of your boiler installation project. Consider the following when making your choice:

Experience and Expertise: Look for a provider with a proven track record in commercial boiler installations. Experienced installers can handle the complexities of commercial systems and provide high-quality workmanship.
Reputation: Check reviews and testimonials from previous clients to gauge the provider’s reliability and customer satisfaction.
Comprehensive Services: Choose a provider that offers a full range of services, including installation, maintenance, and repair. This ensures that all your boiler needs are met by a single, trusted source.

In London, ROWLEN is a reputable name known for delivering top-notch commercial boiler installation services. Their team of experts is dedicated to providing efficient, safe, and compliant installations tailored to the unique needs of businesses.

Conclusion

Investing in professional commercial boiler installation services for businesses in London is essential for ensuring efficiency, safety, and long-term reliability. By choosing an experienced and reputable service provider like ROWLEN, you can rest assured that your heating system will be installed correctly and maintained to the highest standards. Proper installation not only enhances the performance of your boiler but also contributes to the overall comfort and productivity of your business environment.

SEE ALSO: