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BRICS Summit 2023: Developing Nations’ Leaders Address Expansion And Global Dynamics

(CTN NEWS) – Leaders from five developing nations, collectively representing nearly half of the world’s population, are set to assemble in Johannesburg on Tuesday for the 15th BRICS Summit.
This gathering will focus on a range of significant topics, including the expansion of the emerging market coalition, the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, and the states of affairs with Western nations.
Presided over by South African President Cyril Ramaphosa, the current head of BRICS, the summit will bring together esteemed figures such as Chinese President Xi Jinping, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov.
Russian President Vladimir Putin, however, will participate virtually due to his current status as the subject of an arrest warrant issued by the International Criminal Court for alleged war crimes.
This development results in his absence from the physical meeting, as South Africa, a signatory of the ICC, would have been legally obligated to execute the warrant had Putin set foot on its soil.
Ramaphosa extended invitations to 67 leaders hailing from Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, Asia, and the Caribbean, welcoming them to partake in the summit.
Interestingly, no leaders from Western nations were included in the guest list. Notably, the U.N. secretary-general, the chair of the African Union Commission, and the president of the New Development Bank were among the invitees.
Additionally, more than a dozen other esteemed dignitaries and a multitude of business leaders were also granted the honor of attending.
Prospects and Challenges in the Potential Expansion of BRICS: Preparing for Summit Deliberations
A key focal point of the upcoming summit will revolve around the potential expansion of BRICS.
Over 40 countries have conveyed their interest in joining this consortium, encompassing influential economic centers and emerging geopolitical forces such as Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and Iran.
Formally, a total of 23 nations have submitted applications for BRICS membership. This list includes Saudi Arabia, Iran, the UAE, Argentina, Indonesia, Egypt, and Ethiopia.
In a more informal capacity, prominent African players like Nigeria and Ghana have expressed their interest, although they have not yet taken the step of submitting a formal application.
This landscape underscores the tentative nature of numerous expressions of interest, underscoring the intricate tightrope that many nations are navigating as they seek to bridge a perceived global divide.
Gustavo de Carvalho, a seasoned policy analyst and senior researcher at the South African Institute of International Affairs, anticipates that the summit’s discussions over the course of two days are unlikely to yield definitive decisions regarding new members.
However, the primary objective will be to establish a well-defined procedure, set of criteria, and a timeframe governing the submission and approval of applications.
Speaking to CNBC from Johannesburg, de Carvalho highlighted the divergence of opinions among the existing members of this cooperative yet adaptable coalition regarding its expansion.

A recorded message from Russian president Vladimir Putin is aired during the opening remarks at the BRICS Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa August 22, 2023 REUTERS/James Oatway
BRICS Expansion Dynamics: Perspectives of Member Nations and Shared Concerns
Regarding the matter of expansion within BRICS, de Carvalho elaborated on the dynamics among member nations.
He noted that historically, India has harbored the most concerns about the idea of expansion, primarily due to apprehensions that it could lead to an amplification of Chinese influence within the bloc.
Conversely, Russia, grappling with international isolation, has become notably vocal in embracing the notion of expansion.
De Carvalho also highlighted Brazil’s evolving stance on expansion.
While the country initially maintained a neutral position, the Lula administration has raised reservations about the potential dilution of the group’s cohesiveness, fearing it could compromise its ability to present a unified standpoint.
In a significant development, South African President Ramaphosa openly endorsed expansion, particularly for fellow African nations.
This marks the first time he has explicitly voiced support for such a move, especially in the context of ongoing “BRICS+” discussions among emerging economies.
Against the backdrop of Western sanctions targeting Russia in response to its Ukraine incursion—specifically the freezing of Russian assets—de Carvalho underscored the shared interest among BRICS and affiliated countries in minimizing risk exposure within the international financial system.
This collective concern has spurred discussions on bolstering currency stability and liquidity positions as a collaborative effort.
Shifting Dynamics in Russian and Chinese Stance within BRICS
Over the past year, Russian and Chinese officials have increasingly adopted an anti-Western stance in their portrayal of the BRICS coalition.
This positioning aims to garner support for a wide-ranging alliance aimed at challenging the prevailing U.S. dominance in the global political and economic framework.
While certain analysts have suggested the possibility of a pronounced anti-Western shift within BRICS, South Africa, India, and Brazil have indicated their intention to maintain closer connections with their traditional Western partners.
According to de Carvalho, this underscores the enduring autonomy of individual member countries in prioritizing their diplomatic and international trade interests.
Certain reports have highlighted Chinese officials’ efforts to position BRICS as a direct geopolitical contender to the G7. However, in a televised address, President Ramaphosa asserted South Africa’s refusal to be pulled into a power struggle between global forces.
He emphasized the country’s determination to remain independent in a world characterized by increasing divisions into opposing factions.
The BRICS alliance operates on a foundation of consensus and typically collaborates on areas where their economic interests intersect, rather than pursuing a unilateral “alliance,” as outlined by de Carvalho.
In this context, Ramaphosa’s speech holds particular significance in clarifying Pretoria’s aspiration for a positive rapport with Western nations, distinct from any notion of a collective pivot against the West.
While BRICS members frequently engage in bilateral agreements and collaborative efforts, de Carvalho has raised a counterpoint to the notion of a unanimous drive to directly challenge the G7.
According to his perspective, the primary objective is to collectively advocate for the interests of the five nations that collectively encompass approximately 40% of the world’s population.
Challenging the Dominance of the G7: BRICS’ Vision for Global Dynamics
This standpoint is grounded in the conviction that international political dynamics should not be monopolized solely by a select group of seven major industrialized economies, of which both India and China could conceivably be constituents.
“It’s not a matter of reshaping the global order; it’s more about acknowledging that the global order has already undergone changes. However, our collective voice is still far from the level we believe is necessary for influencing global decisions,” de Carvalho expressed.
He elaborated, “This isn’t merely a case of countries from the global south expressing discontent with the Western role; it’s primarily tied to their perception of their own capabilities and the influence they should rightfully possess.”
De Carvalho emphasized that BRICS members don’t always see eye to eye, and they don’t view the group as a comprehensive solution. Instead, they see it as a conduit to enhance their influence in international dialogues.
“In my view, BRICS would not supplant the G7, but I wouldn’t be surprised if, perhaps in the next few years, a productive step would be to initiate meetings between BRICS and the G7,” he noted.
However, Steven Gruzd, who heads the African governance and diplomacy program at the SAIIA, offered a differing perspective to CNBC on Monday.
He asserted that BRICS is already a contender against the G7, having established itself as a prominent voice representing emerging economies.
Gruzd elaborated, “The G7 comprises affluent Western economies, whereas BRICS encompasses the two most populous countries and leading nations on three continents. Both groups seek influence and backing on the global stage. Whether this rivalry escalates into geopolitics remains to be observed.”
“In the wake of Russia’s incursion into Ukraine, we’ve witnessed a world division into three factions: pro-West, pro-Russia-and-China, and non-aligned. I believe these divisions are poised to persist and intensify, particularly as non-aligned nations face mounting pressure to align with the other groups,” Gruzd concluded.
Dynamics and Realities of BRICS: Beyond Common Misconceptions
While the prevailing narrative around BRICS often highlights the escalating influence of China and Russia in emerging economies, de Carvalho argued against the misconception that China wields “limitless influence” within other BRICS nations, asserting that this assumption is “certainly not accurate.”
He emphasized the significant role of competition and tensions with India within the dynamics of BRICS. Particularly, he pointed out that the rivalry between China and India shapes the group’s interactions, fueled by Indian concerns about China’s growing sway within the coalition.
The autonomy of BRICS countries to navigate global issues according to their own trajectories was demonstrated notably in their responses to Russia’s Ukraine conflict. De Carvalho highlighted this as an opportunity for BRICS nations to potentially serve as intermediaries for dialogue.
South Africa and China, for instance, conducted separate discussions with Moscow and Kyiv, aiming to facilitate negotiations.
Simultaneously, India and Brazil condemned the aggression while advocating for a diplomatic resolution, rather than fully aligning with the Western stance on Ukraine.
Additionally, India engaged with the United States in opposing what they perceive as Chinese assertiveness in the Indo-Pacific region.
De Carvalho underlined that it’s crucial to recognize what BRICS is not: an alliance akin to NATO or any other global coalition. He stressed that none of the member countries perceive BRICS as such.
He expressed his hope that the upcoming summit would foster more nuanced discussions about BRICS’ nature and its limitations.
Such discussions, he believed, would benefit the international community by providing a clearer understanding of the institution and how to effectively engage with it.
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Google’s Search Dominance Is Unwinding, But Still Accounting 48% Search Revenue

Google is so closely associated with its key product that its name is a verb that signifies “search.” However, Google’s dominance in that sector is dwindling.
According to eMarketer, Google will lose control of the US search industry for the first time in decades next year.
Google will remain the dominant search player, accounting for 48% of American search advertising revenue. And, remarkably, Google is still increasing its sales in the field, despite being the dominating player in search since the early days of the George W. Bush administration. However, Amazon is growing at a quicker rate.
Google’s Search Dominance Is Unwinding
Amazon will hold over a quarter of US search ad dollars next year, rising to 27% by 2026, while Google will fall even more, according to eMarketer.
The Wall Street Journal was first to report on the forecast.
Lest you think you’ll have to switch to Bing or Yahoo, this isn’t the end of Google or anything really near.
Google is the fourth-most valued public firm in the world. Its market worth is $2.1 trillion, trailing just Apple, Microsoft, and the AI chip darling Nvidia. It also maintains its dominance in other industries, such as display advertisements, where it dominates alongside Facebook’s parent firm Meta, and video ads on YouTube.
To put those “other” firms in context, each is worth more than Delta Air Lines’ total market value. So, yeah, Google is not going anywhere.
Nonetheless, Google faces numerous dangers to its operations, particularly from antitrust regulators.
On Monday, a federal judge in San Francisco ruled that Google must open up its Google Play Store to competitors, dealing a significant blow to the firm in its long-running battle with Fortnite creator Epic Games. Google announced that it would appeal the verdict.
In August, a federal judge ruled that Google has an illegal monopoly on search. That verdict could lead to the dissolution of the company’s search operation. Another antitrust lawsuit filed last month accuses Google of abusing its dominance in the online advertising business.
Meanwhile, European regulators have compelled Google to follow tough new standards, which have resulted in multiple $1 billion-plus fines.

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Google’s Search Dominance Is Unwinding
On top of that, the marketplace is becoming more difficult on its own.
TikTok, the fastest-growing social network, is expanding into the search market. And Amazon has accomplished something few other digital titans have done to date: it has established a habit.
When you want to buy anything, you usually go to Amazon, not Google. Amazon then buys adverts to push companies’ products to the top of your search results, increasing sales and earning Amazon a greater portion of the revenue. According to eMarketer, it is expected to generate $27.8 billion in search revenue in the United States next year, trailing only Google’s $62.9 billion total.
And then there’s AI, the technology that (supposedly) will change everything.
Why search in stilted language for “kendall jenner why bad bunny breakup” or “police moving violation driver rights no stop sign” when you can just ask OpenAI’s ChatGPT, “What’s going on with Kendall Jenner and Bad Bunny?” in “I need help fighting a moving violation involving a stop sign that wasn’t visible.” Google is working on exactly this technology with its Gemini product, but its success is far from guaranteed, especially with Apple collaborating with OpenAI and other businesses rapidly joining the market.
A Google spokeswoman referred to a blog post from last week in which the company unveiled ads in its AI overviews (the AI-generated text that appears at the top of search results). It’s Google’s way of expressing its ability to profit on a changing marketplace while retaining its business, even as its consumers steadily transition to ask-and-answer AI and away from search.
Google has long used a single catchphrase to defend itself against opponents who claim it is a monopoly abusing its power: competition is only a click away. Until recently, that seemed comically obtuse. Really? We are going to switch to Bing? Or Duck Duck Go? Give me a break.
But today, it feels more like reality.
Google is in no danger of disappearing. However, every highly dominating company faces some type of reckoning over time. GE, a Dow mainstay for more than a century, was broken up last year and is now a shell of its previous dominance. Sears declared bankruptcy in 2022 and is virtually out of business. US Steel, long the foundation of American manufacturing, is attempting to sell itself to a Japanese corporation.
SOURCE | CNN
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The Supreme Court Turns Down Biden’s Government Appeal in a Texas Emergency Abortion Matter.

(VOR News) – A ruling that prohibits emergency abortions that contravene the Supreme Court law in the state of Texas, which has one of the most stringent abortion restrictions in the country, has been upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States. The United States Supreme Court upheld this decision.
The justices did not provide any specifics regarding the underlying reasons for their decision to uphold an order from a lower court that declared hospitals cannot be legally obligated to administer abortions if doing so would violate the law in the state of Texas.
Institutions are not required to perform abortions, as stipulated in the decree. The common populace did not investigate any opposing viewpoints. The decision was made just weeks before a presidential election that brought abortion to the forefront of the political agenda.
This decision follows the 2022 Supreme Court ruling that ended abortion nationwide.
In response to a request from the administration of Vice President Joe Biden to overturn the lower court’s decision, the justices expressed their disapproval.
The government contends that hospitals are obligated to perform abortions in compliance with federal legislation when the health or life of an expectant patient is in an exceedingly precarious condition.
This is the case in regions where the procedure is prohibited. The difficulty hospitals in Texas and other states are experiencing in determining whether or not routine care could be in violation of stringent state laws that prohibit abortion has resulted in an increase in the number of complaints concerning pregnant women who are experiencing medical distress being turned away from emergency rooms.
The administration cited the Supreme Court’s ruling in a case that bore a striking resemblance to the one that was presented to it in Idaho at the beginning of the year. The justices took a limited decision in that case to allow the continuation of emergency abortions without interruption while a lawsuit was still being heard.
In contrast, Texas has been a vocal proponent of the injunction’s continued enforcement. Texas has argued that its circumstances are distinct from those of Idaho, as the state does have an exemption for situations that pose a significant hazard to the health of an expectant patient.
According to the state, the discrepancy is the result of this exemption. The state of Idaho had a provision that safeguarded a woman’s life when the issue was first broached; however, it did not include protection for her health.
Certified medical practitioners are not obligated to wait until a woman’s life is in imminent peril before they are legally permitted to perform an abortion, as determined by the state supreme court.
The state of Texas highlighted this to the Supreme Court.
Nevertheless, medical professionals have criticized the Texas statute as being perilously ambiguous, and a medical board has declined to provide a list of all the disorders that are eligible for an exception. Furthermore, the statute has been criticized for its hazardous ambiguity.
For an extended period, termination of pregnancies has been a standard procedure in medical treatment for individuals who have been experiencing significant issues. It is implemented in this manner to prevent catastrophic outcomes, such as sepsis, organ failure, and other severe scenarios.
Nevertheless, medical professionals and hospitals in Texas and other states with strict abortion laws have noted that it is uncertain whether or not these terminations could be in violation of abortion prohibitions that include the possibility of a prison sentence. This is the case in regions where abortion prohibitions are exceedingly restrictive.
Following the Supreme Court’s decision to overturn Roe v. Wade, which resulted in restrictions on the rights of women to have abortions in several Republican-ruled states, the Texas case was revisited in 2022.
As per the orders that were disclosed by the administration of Vice President Joe Biden, hospitals are still required to provide abortions in cases that are classified as dire emergency.
As stipulated in a piece of health care legislation, the majority of hospitals are obligated to provide medical assistance to patients who are experiencing medical distress. This is in accordance with the law.
The state of Texas maintained that hospitals should not be obligated to provide abortions throughout the litigation, as doing so would violate the state’s constitutional prohibition on abortions. In its January judgment, the 5th United States Circuit Court of Appeals concurred with the state and acknowledged that the administration had exceeded its authority.
SOURCE: AP
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Supreme Court Rejects Appeal From ‘Pharma Bro’ Martin Shkreli, To repay $6.4 Million

Washington — The Supreme Court rejected Martin Shkreli’s appeal on Monday, after he was branded “Pharma Bro” for raising the price of a lifesaving prescription.
Martin appealed a decision to repay $64.6 million in profits he and his former company earned after monopolizing the pharmaceutical market and dramatically raising its price. His lawyers claimed the money went to his company rather than him personally.
The justices did not explain their reasoning, as is customary, and there were no notable dissents.
Prosecutors, conversely, claimed that the firm had promised to pay $40 million in a settlement and that because Martin orchestrated the plan, he should be held accountable for returning profits.
Supreme Court Rejects Appeal From ‘Pharma Bro’ Martin Shkreli
Martin was also forced to forfeit the Wu-Tang Clan’s unreleased album “Once Upon a Time in Shaolin,” which has been dubbed the world’s rarest musical album. The multiplatinum hip-hop group auctioned off a single copy of the record in 2015, stipulating that it not be used commercially.
Shkreli was convicted of lying to investors and defrauding them of millions of dollars in two unsuccessful hedge funds he managed. Shkreli was the CEO of Turing Pharmaceuticals (later Vyera), which hiked the price of Daraprim from $13.50 to $750 per pill after acquiring exclusive rights to the decades-old medicine in 2015. It cures a rare parasite condition that affects pregnant women, cancer patients, and HIV patients.
He defended the choice as an example of capitalism in action, claiming that insurance and other programs ensured that those in need of Daraprim would eventually receive it. However, the move prompted criticism, from the medical community to Congress.
Supreme Court Rejects Appeal From ‘Pharma Bro’ Martin Shkreli
Attorney Thomas Huff said the Supreme Court’s Monday ruling was upsetting, but the high court could still overturn a lower court judgment that allowed the $64 million penalty order even though Shkreli had not personally received the money.
“If and when the Supreme Court does so, Mr. Shkreli will have a strong argument for modifying the order accordingly,” he told reporters.
Shkreli was freed from prison in 2022 after serving most of his seven-year sentence.
SOURCE | AP
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