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Despite Harsher Punishments Thailand Struggles With Rape Culture

Despite Harsher Punishments Thailand Struggles to Curb Rape Offenses

In Thailand, punishments for rape are harsher than in many other countries. Convicted sex offenders can be sentenced to life imprisonment or death in the case of fatal rapes, for instance. But in Thailand struggles with rape offences going unpunished or end in reduced sentences when offenders cooperate with the police.

If an offense is committed against a child aged 15 or younger, as in the case of the school girl, the offender could face up to 20 years in jail and a fine of between 100,000 and 400,000 baht ($3,198 to $12,795). The sentence can be increased by a third if the assault was recorded on video for exploitation, or by half if the clip was shared with other people.

But as Jaray Singhakowinta, Ph.D. and adjunct professor of sexuality studies at Thailand’s Graduate School of Language and Communication, explained, “Judges rarely impose the death penalty on offenders, as convicted persons often confess their crimes and are considered entitled to a reduction of the sentence at the discretion of the judges.”

That is why, a few years ago, there was a public campaign started by a Thai celebrity, Panadda Wongphudee, to amend the penal code so that those convicted of rape were automatically sentenced to death.

As Singhakowinta explained, however, the campaign was questioned by many lawyers who warned of the lethal consequences if the law was changed. They were concerned that victims would likely be killed if the death penalty were legally ordered in every case.

Rape a serious problem in Thailand

Rape is still a serious problem in Thailand. It makes big headlines every year with stories of abuse and violence against adults and children. According to data from the Royal Thai Police, 1,965 complaints of rape were filed between January 1 and December 31, 2019, and as a result 1,893 people were arrested.

In the same year, the Pavena Foundation for Children and Women alone recorded 786 cases of rape and indecent assaults. The organization has assisted more than 9,000 victims of sexual attacks since 1999, and according to its statistics, the numbers have been increasing.

Although rapes can happen to people of any gender and age, most of the cases known to the foundation are of girls under the age of 10, and most of these rapes took place at home or at school.

According to Singhakowinta, the basic issue is that sex crimes are a structural problem, and to a certain degree, a “gendered problem.”

He believes the fact that the increasing numbers of women and both female and male children have become victims of sex crimes reflects, to a certain extent, their systematic subordination in the patriarchal system in the country.

“The alarming statistics on the one hand point to the moral decline in society, and on the other, they expose the cultural objectification and fetishization of female and youth bodies as objects of desire in Thailand,” he explained.

His research on the pornification of male youth bodies in Thai yaoi (boys’ love) TV series supports the observation that the sexualized bodies of youth have now become mainstream in Thai popular culture.

Women report physical or sexual violence

When we speak of abuse toward women, the situation is serious, complex, often underestimated, and rarely documented.

Dr. Henriette Jansen, senior researcher at the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), said that 20 years ago, her agency carried out a population-based prevalence survey in Bangkok and one province.

“This showed that about 44 percent of women reported physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner at some time in their lifetime. And about 22 percent reported this in the last 12 months,” she explained.

Thailand has never had a national survey of sexual violence. And as Jansen said, it is important to realize that such surveys are the only way to get greater information on the proportion of women in the population that are experiencing or have experienced such violence. The UNFPA survey figures from two decades ago are still used.

“If you would get the numbers on cases of violence from police, court or health [authorities], you get the tip of the iceberg. Twenty years ago the same survey showed that only 1 percent of women who had experienced partner violence had gone to the police. Official data from services will not give you a good picture of what is happening. They are always a huge underestimation,” she said.

Police remain reluctant to intervene

The traditional values of the Thai family play an important role in this situation, as they emphasize a clear division between public and private affairs, encouraging women to remain silent about problems at home and with their partners in order to maintain the “honor” of the family.

Some frequently repeated proverbs even advise against intervening in other people’s love lives, to avoid having one’s intentions misunderstood and being seen as trying to destroy a couple’s relationship in the event that they eventually reconcile.

This situation was supposed to change with the passage of the 2007 Domestic Violence Victims Law and the modification of the Penal Code. Before 2007, criminal law did not include marital rape as a crime, so women were not legally protected against sexual assault by their partners.

Violence that occurs in the public sphere or is committed by a non-family abuser, such as sexual assault and harassment, is condemned by the Penal Code.

However, although the police have more power to act than before, they remain reluctant to intervene because while laws may have changed, attitudes have not. Many crimes thus go unpunished.

Women don’t trust the judicial processes

In the case of rape, many sentences are reduced and many women simply do not trust the judicial processes.

Rights advocates believe the solution to sexual violence starts with gender equality and mechanisms that would help women be more visible and feel the strength to press charges with the support of society. In this regard, there is much work to be done.

Rape is not about fulfilling a perpetrator’s sexual needs, but rather, “a demonstration of power over those the offenders consider subordinate,” said Singhakowinta, referencing the schoolgirls raped by their teachers and fellow students.

The psychologist who is caring for the girl said she was suffering from trauma and extreme stress. After all, she was abused by those whom she was supposed to trust.

By Ana Salvá

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Google’s Search Dominance Is Unwinding, But Still Accounting 48% Search Revenue

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Google is so closely associated with its key product that its name is a verb that signifies “search.” However, Google’s dominance in that sector is dwindling.

According to eMarketer, Google will lose control of the US search industry for the first time in decades next year.

Google will remain the dominant search player, accounting for 48% of American search advertising revenue. And, remarkably, Google is still increasing its sales in the field, despite being the dominating player in search since the early days of the George W. Bush administration. However, Amazon is growing at a quicker rate.

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Google’s Search Dominance Is Unwinding

Amazon will hold over a quarter of US search ad dollars next year, rising to 27% by 2026, while Google will fall even more, according to eMarketer.

The Wall Street Journal was first to report on the forecast.

Lest you think you’ll have to switch to Bing or Yahoo, this isn’t the end of Google or anything really near.

Google is the fourth-most valued public firm in the world. Its market worth is $2.1 trillion, trailing just Apple, Microsoft, and the AI chip darling Nvidia. It also maintains its dominance in other industries, such as display advertisements, where it dominates alongside Facebook’s parent firm Meta, and video ads on YouTube.

To put those “other” firms in context, each is worth more than Delta Air Lines’ total market value. So, yeah, Google is not going anywhere.

Nonetheless, Google faces numerous dangers to its operations, particularly from antitrust regulators.

On Monday, a federal judge in San Francisco ruled that Google must open up its Google Play Store to competitors, dealing a significant blow to the firm in its long-running battle with Fortnite creator Epic Games. Google announced that it would appeal the verdict.

In August, a federal judge ruled that Google has an illegal monopoly on search. That verdict could lead to the dissolution of the company’s search operation. Another antitrust lawsuit filed last month accuses Google of abusing its dominance in the online advertising business.

Meanwhile, European regulators have compelled Google to follow tough new standards, which have resulted in multiple $1 billion-plus fines.

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Pixa Bay

Google’s Search Dominance Is Unwinding

On top of that, the marketplace is becoming more difficult on its own.

TikTok, the fastest-growing social network, is expanding into the search market. And Amazon has accomplished something few other digital titans have done to date: it has established a habit.

When you want to buy anything, you usually go to Amazon, not Google. Amazon then buys adverts to push companies’ products to the top of your search results, increasing sales and earning Amazon a greater portion of the revenue. According to eMarketer, it is expected to generate $27.8 billion in search revenue in the United States next year, trailing only Google’s $62.9 billion total.

And then there’s AI, the technology that (supposedly) will change everything.

Why search in stilted language for “kendall jenner why bad bunny breakup” or “police moving violation driver rights no stop sign” when you can just ask OpenAI’s ChatGPT, “What’s going on with Kendall Jenner and Bad Bunny?” in “I need help fighting a moving violation involving a stop sign that wasn’t visible.” Google is working on exactly this technology with its Gemini product, but its success is far from guaranteed, especially with Apple collaborating with OpenAI and other businesses rapidly joining the market.

A Google spokeswoman referred to a blog post from last week in which the company unveiled ads in its AI overviews (the AI-generated text that appears at the top of search results). It’s Google’s way of expressing its ability to profit on a changing marketplace while retaining its business, even as its consumers steadily transition to ask-and-answer AI and away from search.

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Google has long used a single catchphrase to defend itself against opponents who claim it is a monopoly abusing its power: competition is only a click away. Until recently, that seemed comically obtuse. Really? We are going to switch to Bing? Or Duck Duck Go? Give me a break.

But today, it feels more like reality.

Google is in no danger of disappearing. However, every highly dominating company faces some type of reckoning over time. GE, a Dow mainstay for more than a century, was broken up last year and is now a shell of its previous dominance. Sears declared bankruptcy in 2022 and is virtually out of business. US Steel, long the foundation of American manufacturing, is attempting to sell itself to a Japanese corporation.

Could we remember Google in the same way that we remember Yahoo or Ask Jeeves in decades? These next few years could be significant.

SOURCE | CNN

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The Supreme Court Turns Down Biden’s Government Appeal in a Texas Emergency Abortion Matter.

Supreme Court

(VOR News) – A ruling that prohibits emergency abortions that contravene the Supreme Court law in the state of Texas, which has one of the most stringent abortion restrictions in the country, has been upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States. The United States Supreme Court upheld this decision.

The justices did not provide any specifics regarding the underlying reasons for their decision to uphold an order from a lower court that declared hospitals cannot be legally obligated to administer abortions if doing so would violate the law in the state of Texas.

Institutions are not required to perform abortions, as stipulated in the decree. The common populace did not investigate any opposing viewpoints. The decision was made just weeks before a presidential election that brought abortion to the forefront of the political agenda.

This decision follows the 2022 Supreme Court ruling that ended abortion nationwide.

In response to a request from the administration of Vice President Joe Biden to overturn the lower court’s decision, the justices expressed their disapproval.

The government contends that hospitals are obligated to perform abortions in compliance with federal legislation when the health or life of an expectant patient is in an exceedingly precarious condition.

This is the case in regions where the procedure is prohibited. The difficulty hospitals in Texas and other states are experiencing in determining whether or not routine care could be in violation of stringent state laws that prohibit abortion has resulted in an increase in the number of complaints concerning pregnant women who are experiencing medical distress being turned away from emergency rooms.

The administration cited the Supreme Court’s ruling in a case that bore a striking resemblance to the one that was presented to it in Idaho at the beginning of the year. The justices took a limited decision in that case to allow the continuation of emergency abortions without interruption while a lawsuit was still being heard.

In contrast, Texas has been a vocal proponent of the injunction’s continued enforcement. Texas has argued that its circumstances are distinct from those of Idaho, as the state does have an exemption for situations that pose a significant hazard to the health of an expectant patient.

According to the state, the discrepancy is the result of this exemption. The state of Idaho had a provision that safeguarded a woman’s life when the issue was first broached; however, it did not include protection for her health.

Certified medical practitioners are not obligated to wait until a woman’s life is in imminent peril before they are legally permitted to perform an abortion, as determined by the state supreme court.

The state of Texas highlighted this to the Supreme Court.

Nevertheless, medical professionals have criticized the Texas statute as being perilously ambiguous, and a medical board has declined to provide a list of all the disorders that are eligible for an exception. Furthermore, the statute has been criticized for its hazardous ambiguity.

For an extended period, termination of pregnancies has been a standard procedure in medical treatment for individuals who have been experiencing significant issues. It is implemented in this manner to prevent catastrophic outcomes, such as sepsis, organ failure, and other severe scenarios.

Nevertheless, medical professionals and hospitals in Texas and other states with strict abortion laws have noted that it is uncertain whether or not these terminations could be in violation of abortion prohibitions that include the possibility of a prison sentence. This is the case in regions where abortion prohibitions are exceedingly restrictive.

Following the Supreme Court’s decision to overturn Roe v. Wade, which resulted in restrictions on the rights of women to have abortions in several Republican-ruled states, the Texas case was revisited in 2022.

As per the orders that were disclosed by the administration of Vice President Joe Biden, hospitals are still required to provide abortions in cases that are classified as dire emergency.

As stipulated in a piece of health care legislation, the majority of hospitals are obligated to provide medical assistance to patients who are experiencing medical distress. This is in accordance with the law.

The state of Texas maintained that hospitals should not be obligated to provide abortions throughout the litigation, as doing so would violate the state’s constitutional prohibition on abortions. In its January judgment, the 5th United States Circuit Court of Appeals concurred with the state and acknowledged that the administration had exceeded its authority.

SOURCE: AP

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Supreme Court Rejects Appeal From ‘Pharma Bro’ Martin Shkreli, To repay $6.4 Million

shkreli

Washington — The Supreme Court rejected Martin Shkreli’s appeal on Monday, after he was branded “Pharma Bro” for raising the price of a lifesaving prescription.

Martin appealed a decision to repay $64.6 million in profits he and his former company earned after monopolizing the pharmaceutical market and dramatically raising its price. His lawyers claimed the money went to his company rather than him personally.

The justices did not explain their reasoning, as is customary, and there were no notable dissents.

Prosecutors, conversely, claimed that the firm had promised to pay $40 million in a settlement and that because Martin orchestrated the plan, he should be held accountable for returning profits.

shkreli

Supreme Court Rejects Appeal From ‘Pharma Bro’ Martin Shkreli

Martin was also forced to forfeit the Wu-Tang Clan’s unreleased album “Once Upon a Time in Shaolin,” which has been dubbed the world’s rarest musical album. The multiplatinum hip-hop group auctioned off a single copy of the record in 2015, stipulating that it not be used commercially.

Shkreli was convicted of lying to investors and defrauding them of millions of dollars in two unsuccessful hedge funds he managed. Shkreli was the CEO of Turing Pharmaceuticals (later Vyera), which hiked the price of Daraprim from $13.50 to $750 per pill after acquiring exclusive rights to the decades-old medicine in 2015. It cures a rare parasite condition that affects pregnant women, cancer patients, and HIV patients.

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He defended the choice as an example of capitalism in action, claiming that insurance and other programs ensured that those in need of Daraprim would eventually receive it. However, the move prompted criticism, from the medical community to Congress.

shkreli

Supreme Court Rejects Appeal From ‘Pharma Bro’ Martin Shkreli

Attorney Thomas Huff said the Supreme Court’s Monday ruling was upsetting, but the high court could still overturn a lower court judgment that allowed the $64 million penalty order even though Shkreli had not personally received the money.

“If and when the Supreme Court does so, Mr. Shkreli will have a strong argument for modifying the order accordingly,” he told reporters.

Shkreli was freed from prison in 2022 after serving most of his seven-year sentence.

SOURCE | AP

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