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What to Know about Measles Outbreaks in the US: Understanding the Impact and Urgency of Vaccination

(CTN News) – Paul Offit, a pediatric infectious disease doctor, has not been vaccinated against measles. Like many of his colleagues, he contracted the virus as a child in the 1950s, about a decade before a vaccine was developed.
At the time, the disease was highly contagious and potentially lethal, affecting an estimated three to four million Americans annually. Offit has been immune since then and is expected to remain so for the rest of his life.
The vaccine is critical for people who have not experienced the full-body rash, bulging eyes, and a slew of other unpleasant symptoms of measles to develop a lifelong immunity to the disease. Measles was declared eradicated in the United States in 2000, thanks to the broad use of the two-shot vaccine schedule in the 1990s, which reduced disease transmission.
This year, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recorded 58 measles cases in outbreaks spanning 17 states, equal to the total number of infections reported in 2023. As of last week, the following states have documented measles cases in 2024: Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Washington.
The CDC has not reported any deaths, and some outbreaks remain active. The outbreak in Chicago has led to a joint response from the city’s department of public health, the CDC, and local health centers to isolate infected individuals and vaccinate those who are susceptible to the disease. At least 15 cases have been reported, including several from a migrant shelter in the Pilsen neighborhood.
Last month, Florida reported measles infections in numerous pupils at an elementary school in Miami. The outbreak received global attention after the state’s surgeon general, Joseph Ladapo, issued a public statement allowing unvaccinated children to attend school despite the risk of exposure.
The Florida Department of Health reports that no measles infections have been detected at the school since February 16, but does not disclose the number of cases in the epidemic. The department declined to respond to Scientific American’s request for comment.
Despite 95 percent herd immunity, there is still some measles transmission expected annually. However, the high number of infections so early in 2024 has some public health experts worried about what this means for the rest of the year and how vaccine misinformation and disinformation, compounded by COVID, may be influencing vaccination rates.
“During the pandemic, there were obviously a number of people who didn’t like being mandated to receive COVID vaccines, and now that mindset has spilled over into the [measles] vaccine,” says Offit, director of the Vaccine Education Center at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. “But people can forget that measles is exponentially more contagious than COVID…, and it’s a nightmare.”
Measles is an airborne respiratory disease that spreads when an infected person breathes, coughs, sneezes, or touches surfaces. Symptoms usually appear 10 to 14 days after initial exposure. They include a red, splotchy rash on the face and neck, fever, puffy and watery eyes, and symptoms similar to the common cold.
Anyone can get measles, but children—especially those two years old or younger with a growing immune system—are the most vulnerable.
There is no specific cure for measles, and in some cases, the disease can cause ear infections, diarrhea, pneumonia, and encephalitis (brain swelling that can lead to permanent disability); it can also be fatal.
In the early 1900s, the U.S. reported an average of 6,000 measles-related deaths annually. By the mid-century, advances in medical therapies had reduced complications and mortality.
Furthermore, people’s natural antibodies, which can be passed down from mothers to their babies and give short-term protection, reduced the frequency of baby illnesses. However, almost everyone had contracted measles by the age of 15. Approximately 48,000 persons were hospitalized each year, with 400 to 500 deaths.
“As someone who had a natural measles infection, I can tell you that it’s seriously no fun,” Offit said. “Now they ask old people like me to come down to the emergency room to look at people with fever and a rash because I’ve seen so much of it, and I can tell them within 30 seconds whether or not it’s measles.”
Biochemist John Enders and physician Thomas Peebles developed the first measles vaccine, which was licensed in 1963, after successfully extracting and isolating the virus from an afflicted 13-year-old boy.
In 1968, microbiologist Maurice Hilleman perfected the shot, which was then distributed throughout the United States. This type of the vaccination, known as MMR, protects against two more infectious diseases, mumps and rubella, and is the most widely used today.
The MMR vaccination is 93% effective in preventing measles, and its usage has significantly reduced infections. However, a significant number of outbreaks continued to occur as of 1989, so U.S. public health organizations began recommending that people receive one dose of the vaccine around their first birthday and a second dose when they are four to six years old, providing 97 percent effective lifetime protection.
In the early 2000s, however, MMR vaccination rates in the United States fell after British physician Andrew Wakefield published scientific research indicating that the vaccine could cause autism.
His study was disproved after further review, but not before instilling dread and distrust in the United States and abroad. “It’s really hard to unring a bell,” Offit explains. “Once people are scared of something, it’s tricky to ease them, and so a bunch of measles started showing up again around 2004 and 2005.”
MMR vaccination rates have progressively increased since then, and most public and private schools now require children to be vaccinated before enrollment.
However, measles cases are reappearing over the country, and Offit is concerned that a surge in antivaccine attitude that began during the COVID pandemic is partly to blame.
The most common reasons parents choose to opt their child out of MMR and other vaccine requirements are religious or medical reasons, while some jurisdictions allow parents to use personal beliefs as a grounds for exemption.
A November 2022-2023 CDC study found that vaccine exemption rates among kindergartners increased to 3%, a 0.4 percent increase from the previous year. In 10 states, more than 5% of kindergartners had exemptions.
According to Jerne Shapiro, an instructional assistant professor of epidemiology at the University of Florida, coverage varies widely across counties and municipalities, and each private school may have its own specific immunization criteria.
Measles outbreaks can also occur when infected people travel to the United States from other countries. According to Shapiro, if sick travelers come into touch with unvaccinated or immunocompromised Americans, secondary measles cases may develop.According to Offit, one individual with measles infects 12 to 18 others on average.
With measles outbreaks likely to increase, Offit and Shapiro urge Americans, particularly spring break travelers, to check their MMR vaccination status and seek vaccine and outbreak information only from physicians and government-certified sources such as the CDC, World Health Organization, and National Institutes of Health.
“There is so much misinformation about vaccines in general,” Shapiro said. “But this vaccination has been used for decades upon decades. Most of us are lucky enough not to be familiar with the appearance of the majority of vaccine-preventable diseases, which we often take for granted.”

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Google’s Search Dominance Is Unwinding, But Still Accounting 48% Search Revenue

Google is so closely associated with its key product that its name is a verb that signifies “search.” However, Google’s dominance in that sector is dwindling.
According to eMarketer, Google will lose control of the US search industry for the first time in decades next year.
Google will remain the dominant search player, accounting for 48% of American search advertising revenue. And, remarkably, Google is still increasing its sales in the field, despite being the dominating player in search since the early days of the George W. Bush administration. However, Amazon is growing at a quicker rate.
Google’s Search Dominance Is Unwinding
Amazon will hold over a quarter of US search ad dollars next year, rising to 27% by 2026, while Google will fall even more, according to eMarketer.
The Wall Street Journal was first to report on the forecast.
Lest you think you’ll have to switch to Bing or Yahoo, this isn’t the end of Google or anything really near.
Google is the fourth-most valued public firm in the world. Its market worth is $2.1 trillion, trailing just Apple, Microsoft, and the AI chip darling Nvidia. It also maintains its dominance in other industries, such as display advertisements, where it dominates alongside Facebook’s parent firm Meta, and video ads on YouTube.
To put those “other” firms in context, each is worth more than Delta Air Lines’ total market value. So, yeah, Google is not going anywhere.
Nonetheless, Google faces numerous dangers to its operations, particularly from antitrust regulators.
On Monday, a federal judge in San Francisco ruled that Google must open up its Google Play Store to competitors, dealing a significant blow to the firm in its long-running battle with Fortnite creator Epic Games. Google announced that it would appeal the verdict.
In August, a federal judge ruled that Google has an illegal monopoly on search. That verdict could lead to the dissolution of the company’s search operation. Another antitrust lawsuit filed last month accuses Google of abusing its dominance in the online advertising business.
Meanwhile, European regulators have compelled Google to follow tough new standards, which have resulted in multiple $1 billion-plus fines.

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Google’s Search Dominance Is Unwinding
On top of that, the marketplace is becoming more difficult on its own.
TikTok, the fastest-growing social network, is expanding into the search market. And Amazon has accomplished something few other digital titans have done to date: it has established a habit.
When you want to buy anything, you usually go to Amazon, not Google. Amazon then buys adverts to push companies’ products to the top of your search results, increasing sales and earning Amazon a greater portion of the revenue. According to eMarketer, it is expected to generate $27.8 billion in search revenue in the United States next year, trailing only Google’s $62.9 billion total.
And then there’s AI, the technology that (supposedly) will change everything.
Why search in stilted language for “kendall jenner why bad bunny breakup” or “police moving violation driver rights no stop sign” when you can just ask OpenAI’s ChatGPT, “What’s going on with Kendall Jenner and Bad Bunny?” in “I need help fighting a moving violation involving a stop sign that wasn’t visible.” Google is working on exactly this technology with its Gemini product, but its success is far from guaranteed, especially with Apple collaborating with OpenAI and other businesses rapidly joining the market.
A Google spokeswoman referred to a blog post from last week in which the company unveiled ads in its AI overviews (the AI-generated text that appears at the top of search results). It’s Google’s way of expressing its ability to profit on a changing marketplace while retaining its business, even as its consumers steadily transition to ask-and-answer AI and away from search.
Google has long used a single catchphrase to defend itself against opponents who claim it is a monopoly abusing its power: competition is only a click away. Until recently, that seemed comically obtuse. Really? We are going to switch to Bing? Or Duck Duck Go? Give me a break.
But today, it feels more like reality.
Google is in no danger of disappearing. However, every highly dominating company faces some type of reckoning over time. GE, a Dow mainstay for more than a century, was broken up last year and is now a shell of its previous dominance. Sears declared bankruptcy in 2022 and is virtually out of business. US Steel, long the foundation of American manufacturing, is attempting to sell itself to a Japanese corporation.
SOURCE | CNN
News
The Supreme Court Turns Down Biden’s Government Appeal in a Texas Emergency Abortion Matter.

(VOR News) – A ruling that prohibits emergency abortions that contravene the Supreme Court law in the state of Texas, which has one of the most stringent abortion restrictions in the country, has been upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States. The United States Supreme Court upheld this decision.
The justices did not provide any specifics regarding the underlying reasons for their decision to uphold an order from a lower court that declared hospitals cannot be legally obligated to administer abortions if doing so would violate the law in the state of Texas.
Institutions are not required to perform abortions, as stipulated in the decree. The common populace did not investigate any opposing viewpoints. The decision was made just weeks before a presidential election that brought abortion to the forefront of the political agenda.
This decision follows the 2022 Supreme Court ruling that ended abortion nationwide.
In response to a request from the administration of Vice President Joe Biden to overturn the lower court’s decision, the justices expressed their disapproval.
The government contends that hospitals are obligated to perform abortions in compliance with federal legislation when the health or life of an expectant patient is in an exceedingly precarious condition.
This is the case in regions where the procedure is prohibited. The difficulty hospitals in Texas and other states are experiencing in determining whether or not routine care could be in violation of stringent state laws that prohibit abortion has resulted in an increase in the number of complaints concerning pregnant women who are experiencing medical distress being turned away from emergency rooms.
The administration cited the Supreme Court’s ruling in a case that bore a striking resemblance to the one that was presented to it in Idaho at the beginning of the year. The justices took a limited decision in that case to allow the continuation of emergency abortions without interruption while a lawsuit was still being heard.
In contrast, Texas has been a vocal proponent of the injunction’s continued enforcement. Texas has argued that its circumstances are distinct from those of Idaho, as the state does have an exemption for situations that pose a significant hazard to the health of an expectant patient.
According to the state, the discrepancy is the result of this exemption. The state of Idaho had a provision that safeguarded a woman’s life when the issue was first broached; however, it did not include protection for her health.
Certified medical practitioners are not obligated to wait until a woman’s life is in imminent peril before they are legally permitted to perform an abortion, as determined by the state supreme court.
The state of Texas highlighted this to the Supreme Court.
Nevertheless, medical professionals have criticized the Texas statute as being perilously ambiguous, and a medical board has declined to provide a list of all the disorders that are eligible for an exception. Furthermore, the statute has been criticized for its hazardous ambiguity.
For an extended period, termination of pregnancies has been a standard procedure in medical treatment for individuals who have been experiencing significant issues. It is implemented in this manner to prevent catastrophic outcomes, such as sepsis, organ failure, and other severe scenarios.
Nevertheless, medical professionals and hospitals in Texas and other states with strict abortion laws have noted that it is uncertain whether or not these terminations could be in violation of abortion prohibitions that include the possibility of a prison sentence. This is the case in regions where abortion prohibitions are exceedingly restrictive.
Following the Supreme Court’s decision to overturn Roe v. Wade, which resulted in restrictions on the rights of women to have abortions in several Republican-ruled states, the Texas case was revisited in 2022.
As per the orders that were disclosed by the administration of Vice President Joe Biden, hospitals are still required to provide abortions in cases that are classified as dire emergency.
As stipulated in a piece of health care legislation, the majority of hospitals are obligated to provide medical assistance to patients who are experiencing medical distress. This is in accordance with the law.
The state of Texas maintained that hospitals should not be obligated to provide abortions throughout the litigation, as doing so would violate the state’s constitutional prohibition on abortions. In its January judgment, the 5th United States Circuit Court of Appeals concurred with the state and acknowledged that the administration had exceeded its authority.
SOURCE: AP
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Supreme Court Rejects Appeal From ‘Pharma Bro’ Martin Shkreli, To repay $6.4 Million

Washington — The Supreme Court rejected Martin Shkreli’s appeal on Monday, after he was branded “Pharma Bro” for raising the price of a lifesaving prescription.
Martin appealed a decision to repay $64.6 million in profits he and his former company earned after monopolizing the pharmaceutical market and dramatically raising its price. His lawyers claimed the money went to his company rather than him personally.
The justices did not explain their reasoning, as is customary, and there were no notable dissents.
Prosecutors, conversely, claimed that the firm had promised to pay $40 million in a settlement and that because Martin orchestrated the plan, he should be held accountable for returning profits.
Supreme Court Rejects Appeal From ‘Pharma Bro’ Martin Shkreli
Martin was also forced to forfeit the Wu-Tang Clan’s unreleased album “Once Upon a Time in Shaolin,” which has been dubbed the world’s rarest musical album. The multiplatinum hip-hop group auctioned off a single copy of the record in 2015, stipulating that it not be used commercially.
Shkreli was convicted of lying to investors and defrauding them of millions of dollars in two unsuccessful hedge funds he managed. Shkreli was the CEO of Turing Pharmaceuticals (later Vyera), which hiked the price of Daraprim from $13.50 to $750 per pill after acquiring exclusive rights to the decades-old medicine in 2015. It cures a rare parasite condition that affects pregnant women, cancer patients, and HIV patients.
He defended the choice as an example of capitalism in action, claiming that insurance and other programs ensured that those in need of Daraprim would eventually receive it. However, the move prompted criticism, from the medical community to Congress.
Supreme Court Rejects Appeal From ‘Pharma Bro’ Martin Shkreli
Attorney Thomas Huff said the Supreme Court’s Monday ruling was upsetting, but the high court could still overturn a lower court judgment that allowed the $64 million penalty order even though Shkreli had not personally received the money.
“If and when the Supreme Court does so, Mr. Shkreli will have a strong argument for modifying the order accordingly,” he told reporters.
Shkreli was freed from prison in 2022 after serving most of his seven-year sentence.
SOURCE | AP
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