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What Makes TikTok A Security Threat To The US?

TikTok

(CTN NEWS) – U.S. legislators have questioned TikTok CEO Shou Zi Chew about data security and objectionable content, and some have called for a statewide ban on the well-known short-video app.

Chew, a Singaporean citizen, claimed to the congressmen that TikTok prioritizes user safety in an effort to prevent the app from being blocked in the United States by downplaying its connections to China.

Representatives from both the Republican and Democratic parties vigorously grilled Chew on issues such as TikTok’s content moderation methods, data security policies, and history of snooping on journalists.

Here are some of the issues people have with TikTok and its ownership.

WHAT MAKES WASHINGTON BELIEVE THAT TIKTOK IS A THREAT?

TikTok, a Chinese technology company ByteDance Ltd. entirely owns the app and hires its leaders, with more than 150 million American users.

ByteDance is a privately owned Chinese company with its headquarters in Beijing but its registration in the Cayman Islands.

Haidian, an area in northwest Beijing that is home to important colleges and a hotspot for tech entrepreneurs, is where it has its headquarters.

The headquarters of TikTok are split between Singapore and Los Angeles.

ByteDance, a Chinese entrepreneur Zhang Yiming’s 2012 startup, is estimated to be worth around $220 billion, or around half of its $400 billion 2021 valuation.

Both publicly traded and privately held Chinese tech firms, like ByteDance, have seen a sharp decline in value since the Communist Party in power tightened its grip on the sector through anti-monopoly and data security crackdowns.

Chinese officials might compel ByteDance to pass up TikTok data on American users, fearing Western countries, revealing sensitive information.

According to Mao Ning, a spokeswoman for the foreign ministry, China’s government has never asked companies to “collect or provide data, information, or intelligence” held by foreign governments and will not do so in the future.

She also noted that the United States “has not provided any evidence to date to prove that TikTok threatens U.S. national security.”

According to ByteDance, non-Chinese investors such as the Japanese SoftBank Group and American investment companies Carlyle Group and Kohlberg Kravis Roberts own 60% of the company’s shares.

20% of the company is owned by the employees and the remaining 20% by the founders.

It’s still unclear to outsiders exactly how TikTok and ByteDance are connected.

WHY DO WESTERN GOVERNMENTS CONCERN CHINESE RULES?

While a different 2014 Counter-Espionage Law specifies that “relevant organizations… may not refuse” to gather evidence for an investigation.

China’s 2017 National Intelligence Law mandates that “any organization” must aid or collaborate with state intelligence activity.

ByteDance, the Chinese business that controls TikTok, would probably be required to adhere by these regulations if Chinese authorities demanded it to turn over data.

The Communist Party controls everything, including laws and regulations. The party’s authority is unrestricted by law.

To enforce compliance by Chinese and international businesses operating in China, the authorities might also threaten to revoke licenses, launch regulatory or tax investigations, or apply other penalties.

The party will occasionally use “window guidance,” or covert private communication, to transmit commands. It has tightened control over technological companies via crackdowns to compel them to support its objectives.

By obtaining seats on company boards of directors, the Chinese government has also attempted to exert more direct control over businesses.

Even with “Project Texas,” MUST TIKTOK TURN OVER DATA IF THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT REQUESTS IT?

By keeping user data on computers run by an independent contractor, Oracle Corp., in what is known as “Project Texas,” TikTok has pledged to protect information on American users.

All new U.S. user data is housed there, according to Chew, the CEO of TikTok, and the company plans to finish erasing older U.S. data from non-Oracle servers this year.

The concern is that, if required to do so by Chinese authorities, ByteDance would be forced to turn over the information it has obtained from TikTok.

However, Chew has stated that Project Texas will keep American data out of China’s hands.

In December, ByteDance revealed that while investigating how information about the company was leaked, four workers had access to information about reporters and those related to them.

Chew informed the legislators that although some U.S. data may still be accessible to ByteDance personnel stationed in China, this access will cease after Project Texas is finished.

In November, the head of privacy for Europe at TikTok said that some staff in China had access to data on users in the UK and the EU.

DOES THE COMMUNIST PARTY AFFECT BYTEDANCE IN ANY WAY?

In the session on Thursday, MPs pressed Chew on whether ByteDance had any ties to China’s communist authorities.

When asked if the top executives and personnel were Communist Party members, he dodged the subject.

We don’t know the political affiliation of our staff since we don’t ask them, but I do know that the founder himself is not a member of the Communist Party, Chew added.

Chew objected when asked whether the Chinese Communist Party effectively controlled ByteDance.

Chew responded, “That’s not correct,” in response to a lawmaker’s claim that the Communist Party controls one ByteDance board seat thanks to its ownership of a “golden share” in the company.

In China, state investment vehicles that own so-called “golden shares” that give them a 1% stake in enterprises are one way for Beijing to increase its economic control.

When lawmakers asserted that the Communist Party holds shares in ByteDance and thus has a say in how the company is operated, Chew retaliated. Chew stated that the Communist Party was not permitted to vote in ByteDance.

Some of ByteDance’s video and information platforms that cater only to the Chinese market are licensed by the company’s principal Chinese subsidiary.

WHAT IS DOUYIN AND HOW IS IT RELATED TO TIKTOK?

ByteDance’s short-video platform for the Chinese market is called Douyin. Similar to TikTok, it is subject to Chinese censorship laws that forbid material deemed subversive or pornographic.

U.S. politicians concerned about hazardous content seen by children have underlined this point.

The majority of Chinese internet users cannot view TikTok due to the heavy controls used by the Communist Party.

According to ByteDance, Toutiao, a news and short-video platform, and other services have “no affiliation” with Beijing ByteDance Technology Co., a subsidiary that runs Douyin.

HOW DID CHINA REACT TO THE WASHINGTON TESTIMONY OF THE TIKTOK CEO?

Most of the social media responses in China supported Chew and gave him credit for handling the tough questions directed at him.

Comments on Douyin and the microblogging site Weibo criticized American senators for posing “trap” or leading questions to Chew.

A common idiom used in comments is “If you want to accuse someone, there’s always a way,” which is translated from Chinese.

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Google’s Search Dominance Is Unwinding, But Still Accounting 48% Search Revenue

Google

Google is so closely associated with its key product that its name is a verb that signifies “search.” However, Google’s dominance in that sector is dwindling.

According to eMarketer, Google will lose control of the US search industry for the first time in decades next year.

Google will remain the dominant search player, accounting for 48% of American search advertising revenue. And, remarkably, Google is still increasing its sales in the field, despite being the dominating player in search since the early days of the George W. Bush administration. However, Amazon is growing at a quicker rate.

google

Google’s Search Dominance Is Unwinding

Amazon will hold over a quarter of US search ad dollars next year, rising to 27% by 2026, while Google will fall even more, according to eMarketer.

The Wall Street Journal was first to report on the forecast.

Lest you think you’ll have to switch to Bing or Yahoo, this isn’t the end of Google or anything really near.

Google is the fourth-most valued public firm in the world. Its market worth is $2.1 trillion, trailing just Apple, Microsoft, and the AI chip darling Nvidia. It also maintains its dominance in other industries, such as display advertisements, where it dominates alongside Facebook’s parent firm Meta, and video ads on YouTube.

To put those “other” firms in context, each is worth more than Delta Air Lines’ total market value. So, yeah, Google is not going anywhere.

Nonetheless, Google faces numerous dangers to its operations, particularly from antitrust regulators.

On Monday, a federal judge in San Francisco ruled that Google must open up its Google Play Store to competitors, dealing a significant blow to the firm in its long-running battle with Fortnite creator Epic Games. Google announced that it would appeal the verdict.

In August, a federal judge ruled that Google has an illegal monopoly on search. That verdict could lead to the dissolution of the company’s search operation. Another antitrust lawsuit filed last month accuses Google of abusing its dominance in the online advertising business.

Meanwhile, European regulators have compelled Google to follow tough new standards, which have resulted in multiple $1 billion-plus fines.

google

Pixa Bay

Google’s Search Dominance Is Unwinding

On top of that, the marketplace is becoming more difficult on its own.

TikTok, the fastest-growing social network, is expanding into the search market. And Amazon has accomplished something few other digital titans have done to date: it has established a habit.

When you want to buy anything, you usually go to Amazon, not Google. Amazon then buys adverts to push companies’ products to the top of your search results, increasing sales and earning Amazon a greater portion of the revenue. According to eMarketer, it is expected to generate $27.8 billion in search revenue in the United States next year, trailing only Google’s $62.9 billion total.

And then there’s AI, the technology that (supposedly) will change everything.

Why search in stilted language for “kendall jenner why bad bunny breakup” or “police moving violation driver rights no stop sign” when you can just ask OpenAI’s ChatGPT, “What’s going on with Kendall Jenner and Bad Bunny?” in “I need help fighting a moving violation involving a stop sign that wasn’t visible.” Google is working on exactly this technology with its Gemini product, but its success is far from guaranteed, especially with Apple collaborating with OpenAI and other businesses rapidly joining the market.

A Google spokeswoman referred to a blog post from last week in which the company unveiled ads in its AI overviews (the AI-generated text that appears at the top of search results). It’s Google’s way of expressing its ability to profit on a changing marketplace while retaining its business, even as its consumers steadily transition to ask-and-answer AI and away from search.

google

Google has long used a single catchphrase to defend itself against opponents who claim it is a monopoly abusing its power: competition is only a click away. Until recently, that seemed comically obtuse. Really? We are going to switch to Bing? Or Duck Duck Go? Give me a break.

But today, it feels more like reality.

Google is in no danger of disappearing. However, every highly dominating company faces some type of reckoning over time. GE, a Dow mainstay for more than a century, was broken up last year and is now a shell of its previous dominance. Sears declared bankruptcy in 2022 and is virtually out of business. US Steel, long the foundation of American manufacturing, is attempting to sell itself to a Japanese corporation.

Could we remember Google in the same way that we remember Yahoo or Ask Jeeves in decades? These next few years could be significant.

SOURCE | CNN

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The Supreme Court Turns Down Biden’s Government Appeal in a Texas Emergency Abortion Matter.

Supreme Court

(VOR News) – A ruling that prohibits emergency abortions that contravene the Supreme Court law in the state of Texas, which has one of the most stringent abortion restrictions in the country, has been upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States. The United States Supreme Court upheld this decision.

The justices did not provide any specifics regarding the underlying reasons for their decision to uphold an order from a lower court that declared hospitals cannot be legally obligated to administer abortions if doing so would violate the law in the state of Texas.

Institutions are not required to perform abortions, as stipulated in the decree. The common populace did not investigate any opposing viewpoints. The decision was made just weeks before a presidential election that brought abortion to the forefront of the political agenda.

This decision follows the 2022 Supreme Court ruling that ended abortion nationwide.

In response to a request from the administration of Vice President Joe Biden to overturn the lower court’s decision, the justices expressed their disapproval.

The government contends that hospitals are obligated to perform abortions in compliance with federal legislation when the health or life of an expectant patient is in an exceedingly precarious condition.

This is the case in regions where the procedure is prohibited. The difficulty hospitals in Texas and other states are experiencing in determining whether or not routine care could be in violation of stringent state laws that prohibit abortion has resulted in an increase in the number of complaints concerning pregnant women who are experiencing medical distress being turned away from emergency rooms.

The administration cited the Supreme Court’s ruling in a case that bore a striking resemblance to the one that was presented to it in Idaho at the beginning of the year. The justices took a limited decision in that case to allow the continuation of emergency abortions without interruption while a lawsuit was still being heard.

In contrast, Texas has been a vocal proponent of the injunction’s continued enforcement. Texas has argued that its circumstances are distinct from those of Idaho, as the state does have an exemption for situations that pose a significant hazard to the health of an expectant patient.

According to the state, the discrepancy is the result of this exemption. The state of Idaho had a provision that safeguarded a woman’s life when the issue was first broached; however, it did not include protection for her health.

Certified medical practitioners are not obligated to wait until a woman’s life is in imminent peril before they are legally permitted to perform an abortion, as determined by the state supreme court.

The state of Texas highlighted this to the Supreme Court.

Nevertheless, medical professionals have criticized the Texas statute as being perilously ambiguous, and a medical board has declined to provide a list of all the disorders that are eligible for an exception. Furthermore, the statute has been criticized for its hazardous ambiguity.

For an extended period, termination of pregnancies has been a standard procedure in medical treatment for individuals who have been experiencing significant issues. It is implemented in this manner to prevent catastrophic outcomes, such as sepsis, organ failure, and other severe scenarios.

Nevertheless, medical professionals and hospitals in Texas and other states with strict abortion laws have noted that it is uncertain whether or not these terminations could be in violation of abortion prohibitions that include the possibility of a prison sentence. This is the case in regions where abortion prohibitions are exceedingly restrictive.

Following the Supreme Court’s decision to overturn Roe v. Wade, which resulted in restrictions on the rights of women to have abortions in several Republican-ruled states, the Texas case was revisited in 2022.

As per the orders that were disclosed by the administration of Vice President Joe Biden, hospitals are still required to provide abortions in cases that are classified as dire emergency.

As stipulated in a piece of health care legislation, the majority of hospitals are obligated to provide medical assistance to patients who are experiencing medical distress. This is in accordance with the law.

The state of Texas maintained that hospitals should not be obligated to provide abortions throughout the litigation, as doing so would violate the state’s constitutional prohibition on abortions. In its January judgment, the 5th United States Circuit Court of Appeals concurred with the state and acknowledged that the administration had exceeded its authority.

SOURCE: AP

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Supreme Court Rejects Appeal From ‘Pharma Bro’ Martin Shkreli, To repay $6.4 Million

shkreli

Washington — The Supreme Court rejected Martin Shkreli’s appeal on Monday, after he was branded “Pharma Bro” for raising the price of a lifesaving prescription.

Martin appealed a decision to repay $64.6 million in profits he and his former company earned after monopolizing the pharmaceutical market and dramatically raising its price. His lawyers claimed the money went to his company rather than him personally.

The justices did not explain their reasoning, as is customary, and there were no notable dissents.

Prosecutors, conversely, claimed that the firm had promised to pay $40 million in a settlement and that because Martin orchestrated the plan, he should be held accountable for returning profits.

shkreli

Supreme Court Rejects Appeal From ‘Pharma Bro’ Martin Shkreli

Martin was also forced to forfeit the Wu-Tang Clan’s unreleased album “Once Upon a Time in Shaolin,” which has been dubbed the world’s rarest musical album. The multiplatinum hip-hop group auctioned off a single copy of the record in 2015, stipulating that it not be used commercially.

Shkreli was convicted of lying to investors and defrauding them of millions of dollars in two unsuccessful hedge funds he managed. Shkreli was the CEO of Turing Pharmaceuticals (later Vyera), which hiked the price of Daraprim from $13.50 to $750 per pill after acquiring exclusive rights to the decades-old medicine in 2015. It cures a rare parasite condition that affects pregnant women, cancer patients, and HIV patients.

shkreli

He defended the choice as an example of capitalism in action, claiming that insurance and other programs ensured that those in need of Daraprim would eventually receive it. However, the move prompted criticism, from the medical community to Congress.

shkreli

Supreme Court Rejects Appeal From ‘Pharma Bro’ Martin Shkreli

Attorney Thomas Huff said the Supreme Court’s Monday ruling was upsetting, but the high court could still overturn a lower court judgment that allowed the $64 million penalty order even though Shkreli had not personally received the money.

“If and when the Supreme Court does so, Mr. Shkreli will have a strong argument for modifying the order accordingly,” he told reporters.

Shkreli was freed from prison in 2022 after serving most of his seven-year sentence.

SOURCE | AP

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