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James Webb Space Telescope Reveals Second and Fourth Most Distant Galaxies

James Webb Space Telescope Reveals Second and Fourth Most Distant Galaxies

(CTN News) – In a groundbreaking discovery, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has unveiled the second and fourth most distant galaxies ever observed, shedding light on the cosmic narrative as described by the Big Bang theory.

The galaxies, named UNCOVER-z13 and UNCOVER-z12, were spotted with the help of the massive gravitational lens provided by the galaxy cluster Abell 2744, also known as Pandora’s Cluster.

Gravitational Lensing Illuminates Cosmic Past

Situated 3.5 billion light-years away, Pandora’s Cluster possesses immense gravity, warping the fabric of space-time and magnifying the light of galaxies even farther away. This gravitational lensing effect allowed Bingjie Wang and the James Webb Space Telescope UNCOVER team to identify the lensed images of these high-redshift galaxies, providing a glimpse into the universe’s early stages.

Redshift and the Journey Through Time

The redshift, a result of the continuous expansion of the universe, played a crucial role in this discovery. UNCOVER-z13, with a redshift of 13.079, stands as the second most distant galaxy, existing just 330 million years after the Big Bang. Meanwhile, UNCOVER-z12, with a redshift of 12.393, secures the fourth position, capturing a moment 350 million years after the universe’s birth.

Galactic Anomalies Challenge Preconceptions

What sets UNCOVER-z13 and -z12 apart is their structural appearance. Unlike previously discovered galaxies at similar redshifts, these galaxies exhibit distinctive shapes — one elongated like a peanut and the other resembling a fluffy ball. Moreover, these galaxies are larger, with UNCOVER-z12 boasting an edge-on disk six times larger than its counterparts from the same era.

Supporting the Big Bang Model

Despite their unique features, both UNCOVER galaxies strongly support the Big Bang model. These early galaxies, characterized by their youth, small size, low abundance of heavy elements, and active star formation, align with the paradigm of galaxy formation postulated by the Big Bang theory.

James Webb Space Telescope’s Gaze into the Cosmic Unknown

While these discoveries are groundbreaking, the James Webb Space Telescope has the potential to uncover even younger galaxies with higher redshifts. The absence of such detections in the lensed images could suggest that galaxies may not have formed before that time or that the observational window was limited.

Future Endeavors: Expanding the Horizon of Galactic Discoveries

Astronomers remain vigilant, utilizing various lensing clusters to explore new windows into the deep universe in search of the earliest galaxies. The quest for understanding the origins and evolution of galaxies continues, with the James Webb Space Telescope at the forefront of unraveling the mysteries of our cosmic past.

This historic revelation, reported in Astrophysical Journal Letters on November 13, marks a significant stride in our exploration of the universe’s infancy.

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NASA Switches Off Instrument On Voyager 2 Spacecraft To Save Power

Voyager

NEW YORK — To save power, NASA turned off another scientific equipment on its long-running Voyager 2 spacecraft.

voyager

NASA Switches Off Instrument On the Spacecraft To Save Power

The space agency announced on Tuesday that 2’s plasma science instrument, meant to study the movement of charged atoms, was turned off in late September to allow the spacecraft to continue exploring for as long as possible, which is estimated to be into the 2030s.

NASA turned off a suite of instruments on Voyager 2 and its twin, Voyager 1, after exploring the gas giant planets in the 1980s. Both are currently in interstellar space or the region between stars. The plasma instrument on Voyager 1 stopped working years ago and was finally shut off in 2007.

The remaining four instruments on 2 will continue to collect data on magnetic fields and particles. Its mission is to investigate the regions of space beyond the sun’s protective sphere.

NASA Switches Off Instrument On Voyager 2 Spacecraft To Save Power

It launched in 1977, is the only spacecraft to have visited Uranus and Neptune. It is now more than 12 billion miles (19.31 billion kilometers) from Earth. 1 is more than 15 billion miles (24.14 billion kilometers) beyond Earth.

SOURCE | AP

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Hurricane Kirk Could Cause Dangerous Surf Conditions Along The US East Coast

kirk

MIAMI — Hurricane Kirk’s waves could generate life-threatening surf and rip current conditions this weekend throughout the United States East Coast, as well as in Bermuda, the Greater Antilles, and the Bahamas, according to forecasters.

Kirk was a Category 3 hurricane in the middle Atlantic Ocean that might grow further but was predicted to stay away from land, according to the Miami-based National Hurricane Center on Thursday.

kirk

Hurricane Kirk Could Cause Dangerous Surf Conditions Along The US East Coast

Kirk-generated swells were forecast to reach parts of the Leeward Islands on Friday, Bermuda and the Greater Antilles on Saturday, and the East Coast and the Bahamas on Sunday, according to the center.

No coastal watches or warnings were in effect. The major storm was around 1,130 miles (1,820 kilometers) east of the Leeward Islands, with maximum sustained winds of 125 mph (205 km/h).

Meanwhile, Tropical Storm Leslie formed late Wednesday in the eastern Atlantic and is expected to strengthen into a hurricane in the following days, forecasters said. It was also not considered a threat to the land.

Hurricane Kirk Could Cause Dangerous Surf Conditions Along The US East Coast

The storm was about 540 miles (870 kilometers) southwest of Cabo Verde’s southernmost tip, with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 kph), according to the center.

The storms raged in the Atlantic as rescuers in the United States Southeast sought for missing persons after Hurricane Helene struck last week, leaving a trail of death and devastation.

SOURCE | AP

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Giant Fossilised Footprint Of Dinosaur Found in China

Giant Fossilised Footprint Of Dinosaur Found in China

(CTN News) – A team of palaeontologists believes they have discovered fossilized footprints of one of China’s largest raptors. The collection of five fossilized dinosaur footprints is half the length of a school bus.

The footprints were discovered in a dinosaur trackway in south-east China in 2020. Scientists believe dinosaurs walked over the muddy river during the Cretaceous period, leaving footprints. Some footprints have been preserved for tens of millions of years.

The dinosaur trackway was unearthed in Longxiang and is around the size of a hockey rink. Some of the footprints are unusually formed, with intact imprints of only two toes.

Fossilised footprint of megaraptor found in China

Giant fossil footprints lead to megaraptor dinosaur discovery in China

Raptors, or predatory birds, are often small and referred to as deinonychosaurs. For example, a Velociraptor is around the size of a turkey. Few raptors, such as the Utahraptor and Dakotaraptor, increased in size significantly, reaching lengths of 5 to 6 metres. The Triassic ichthyosaur was the largest raptor known until now.

“Exploring Longxiang: The Rich Dinosaur Trackway in Southeastern China”

According to the scientists, the predator would have attacked its prey with a pair of huge “killing claws” on each foot.

What scientists discovered recently in China is massive, far larger than the largest superpredator known to date.

Scott Persons of the College of Charleston in South Carolina, and his colleagues, added another large raptor to the list. They named it Fujianipus, and they believe it lived in East Asia some 96 million years ago.

Scott Persons at the College of Charleston in South Carolina and his colleagues added another giant raptor to the list. They named it Fujianipus, and they say it lived in East Asia about 96 million years ago. Photograph:(Twitter)

Persons and his colleagues are currently working on areas of Fujianipus’ skeleton, therefore little is known. The investigators only discovered a few of its 36-centimetre-long imprints.

“Preservation conditions were right for footprints but not so great for bones,” Persons said. However, scientists are certain that the footprints belong to a raptor because each one contains the imprint of only two toes, which corresponds to the foot anatomy of raptors. Raptors generally have three toes, but they keep one off the ground to preserve the big claw at the tip from wear and tear.

People believe Fujianipus demonstrates that raptors had the ability to grow much larger and compete with the largest predatory dinosaurs on the landscape at the time – allosauroids, some of which exceeded 10 metres or more in length.

According to Persons, raptors had an advantage over allosauroids in terms of speed. However, without fossilized leg bones, the researchers cannot correctly measure Fujianipus’ speed.

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